Ajuga remota is an erect rhizomatous pubescent herb that belongs to the genus Ajuga, found growing in the grasslands and other geographic parts of East Africa especially in Kenya and Ethiopia . Although 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg AIRE reduced BGL at 4th hr and 6th hr compared to their baseline values, this reduction was not a significant reduction in the three groups given different doses of AIRE at all time points. Ajuga integrifolia has a wide native range, from northeast Africa, through Arabia, temperate and tropical Asia to New Guinea. Ajuga integrifolia, Artemisia afra, and Artemisia absinthium that are tested against clinically important bacteria- Escherichia coli, Shigella, staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis.A comparison of their activities with that of a well-known antimicrobial drug should give a better indication as to whether the plants have any value as Ham. When AIRE-treated groups were compared to the negative control, they did not show a statistically significant reduction in BGL at all time points except at the 8th hour. The nodes of the stolons are also very short, which creates very dense colonies ideal for preventing weeds from growing up through the plants. Ajuga integrifolia Buch.-Ham. Ajuga / É Ë dÊ uË É¡ É /, also known as bugleweed, ground pine, carpet bugle, or just bugle, is a genus of 40 species annual and perennial herbaceous flowering plants in the Ajugeae tribe of the mint family Lamiaceae, with most species native to Europe, Asia, and Africa, but also two species in southeastern Australia. Lamiaceae (inc. Verbenaceae) Fortnight: Lamiaceae-Ajuga bracteosa from Batote J & K-GSMAY02/05 : 1 post by 1 author. Between groups analysis depicted that bodyweight loss of the diabetic control mice was significant at 7th day and 14th day compared to the aqueous fraction treated groups, normal control group, and GLC-treated group (Table 8). It was evident that the BGL of mice reached its climax after 30 minutes of administration, and then, it decreased mildly at 60 minutes and reduced nearly to the normal level after 2 hours of glucose administration. The mice used for the study were acquired from the Ethiopian Public Health Institute. III. Fresh root of Ajuga integrifolia was collected from Gondar town in North Gondar, North Ethiopia. Learn more about Ajuga Nipponensis uses, effectiveness, possible side effects, interactions, dosage, user ratings and products that contain Ajuga Nipponensis Pues sÃ: Ajuga integrifolia var. In comparison to the diabetic control, GLC significantly improved the bodyweight loss of STZ-induced diabetic mice at 7th day and 14th day of treatment (Table 5). Ajuga integrifolia was confirmed to have well-established in vitro antioxidant activities and had inhibitory concentration, IC50 value of about 18.9 [17], giving hint the plant may have antidiabetic activity. Inductions of diabetes were performed by using streptozotocin (STZ). Both taxonomists and users of taxonomies should benefit from this. Then, the remaining solvent free extract was kept alone in a desiccator till it was used for the study and the fractionation process in case the extract could contain hygroscopic element. Data analysis was performed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. Then, each mouse’s BGL was determined at 1 hr, 2 hr, 4 hr, and 6 hr posttreatment [23, 24]. Ajuga integrifolia var. [family LABIATAE] Herbarium. According to the limit test of OECD No. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. GLC 5 mg/kg, however, reduced BGL more significantly at 2nd hr, 4th hr, and 6th hr compared to each groups (negative control, three test groups with three different doses of AIRE) and baseline value. The aqueous and occasionally alcohol infusion of the fresh or dried leaves or root of the Ajuga integrifolia are traditionally used for treating DM [13]. Besides, in all groups including the negative control, there was a significant reduction in BGL at 60 and 120 minutes when compared to the respective BGL at 30 minutes after glucose administration. Nevertheless, the present study recommends more in-depth molecular studies to determine the precise mechanism of Ajuga integrifolia to lower blood glucose. Working to the all cases, group 1 used as negative control was treated with 10 ml/kg distilled water (DW). For the maintenance of dry bedding for polyuric diabetic mice, bedding of the cages was changed every 24 hr after STZ injection. However, fewer than half of these plants or plant extracts have been scientifically validated for their claimed use [7, 8]. Chú thích Liên kết ngoài. The AIRE 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg reduced fasting BGL significantly at the 7th day and 14th day compared to the baseline value. When GLC-treated groups were compared with the different extract dose treated groups, there was a significant reduction in the GLC-treated group () compared to 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg AIRE, compared to 100 mg/kg AIRE at the 7th day and 14th day, and compared to diabetic control (Table 4). Ohrožené a chránÄné druhy rostlin. Herb: Bugle Latin name: Ajuga reptans Family: Labiatae Medicinal use of Bugle: Bugle has a long history of use as a wound herb and, although little used today, it is still considered very useful in arresting haemorrhages and is also used in the treatment of coughs and spitting of blood in incipient consumption. Mice fasted for about 16 hr were divided into 5 different groups (each group comprised of 6 mice) at random. Ajuga integrifolia scored the highest RFC value (0.80). The investigation implied that the single dose and repeated daily doses of aqueous fraction and repeated daily doses of crude extract have a comparable blood glucose lowering ability. Fasting BGL was significantly reduced in the group that received GLC () at 7th day and () at 14th day with percentage reduction of about 60.80% and 65% at the 7th day and 14th day of treatment, respectively, compared to the baseline values. Diabetes mellitus was effectively induced by administering STZ solution (150 mg/kg) to all groups of mice. Likewise, a significant reduction in fasting BGL was not noticed in all AIRE received groups compared to the GLC-treated groups at all time points. This could suggest that common antidiabetic phytochemical constituents such as polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, and chromium were associated to aqueous polar solvent, water, and likely to be contained in neither chloroform nor hexane [13, 18]. Following 30 minutes of after crude extracts, standard drugs, and DW administration, each mouse was fed with 2 g/kg solution of 40% glucose in a quantity of 1 ml/kg. Then, instantly, STZ-induced diabetic mice were assigned randomly into different groups to carry out the experiment. After overnight fasting, mice were divided into eleven groups (n = 6) at random: group 1 serving as the diabetic control group receiving 10 ml/kg DW, group 2 receiving aqueous fraction 100 mg/kg of AIRE, group 3 receiving aqueous fraction 200 mg/kg of AIRE, group 4 receiving aqueous fraction 400 mg/kg of AIRE, group 5 receiving hexane fraction 100 mg/kg of AIRE, group 6 receiving hexane fraction 200 mg/kg of AIRE, group 7 receiving hexane fraction 400 mg/kg of AIRE, group 8 receiving chloroform fraction 100 mg/kg of AIRE, group 9 receiving chloroform fraction 200 mg/kg of AIRE, group 10 receiving chloroform fraction 400 mg/kg of AIRE, and group 11 receiving GLC 5 mg/kg, and BGL of every mouse was determined at 0 hr, 2 hr, 4 hr, 6 hr, and 8 hr of AIRE fractions administration. One-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc multiple comparison test was used to analyze the data. values <0.05 were set as statistically significant. Dose of 150 mg/kg of the freshly prepared solution was administered intraperitoneally to 16 hr fasted mice. Then, the n-hexane layer so formed was poured into a beaker and labeled as “n-hexane fraction.” The aqueous remainder was again mixed with same quantity of chloroform and shaken similarly, and the chloroform layer obtained was decanted to a second beaker and labeled as “chloroform fraction” likewise. Within groups analysis revealed that oral glucose loading caused a statistically significant increment in BGL after 30 minutes in all groups compared to the baseline fasting BGL regardless of the treatments given. First, STZ was dissolved in 0.1 M cold citrate buffer (pH = 4.5). Overnight fasted STZ-induced diabetic mice and normal mice were grouped into 6 groups (5 groups of mice having diabetes and 1 group of normal mice, 6 mice in each group) at random. Molalegne Alene, Mohammedbrhan Abdelwuhab, Assefa Belay, and Taklo Simeneh Yazie were involved in the design and write up of the study. GLC showed the antihyperglycemic effect in diabetic mice, and literature acknowledged that GLC exerts its effect by selectively blocking the ATP sensitive K+ channels (KATP) in the β-cells of the pancreas. For each mouse, baseline BGL was determined prior to treatment (at 0 hr). After ½ hr of STZ administration, food and water were permitted freely to the mice. The reduction of fasting BGL in percentage was recorded as 15.14% in 100 mg/kg, 15.8% in 200 mg/kg, and 20% in 400 mg/kg AIRE at the 8th hr compared to the respective baseline fasting BGL. Group 1 (negative control) was treated with 10 ml/kg DW; the 9 experimental groups received solvent fraction of the root extract of the plant (groups 2, 3, and 4 received three different doses of aqueous fraction of the root extract of the plant; groups 5, 6, and 7 received three different doses of n-hexane fraction of the root extract of the plant; and groups 8, 9, and 10 received three different doses of chloroform fraction of the root extract of the plant). value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Ajuga parviflora is a type of bugleweed that is found in places like Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, and the disputed Kashmir region. According to the result of the acute oral toxicity study, the lower, medium, and high doses of the plant extracts were determined. In single dose of the three solvent root fraction treated diabetic mice model, mice were randomly divided into 11 groups (each group comprised 6 mice). At 120 minutes, all AIRE-treated groups showed blood glucose reduction to a level comparable to their respective baseline values. Uptake of, S. Andrikopoulos, A. R. Blair, N. Deluca, B. C. Fam, and J. Proietto, “Evaluating the glucose tolerance test in mice,”, M. Anitha, G. Sakthidevi, S. Muthukumarasamy, and V. R. Mohan, “Effect of Cynoglossum zeylanicum (Vehl ex Hornem) Thunb. No obstante sólo debe usarse el nombre cientÃfico aceptado, quedando dichas sinonimias como referencias a textos antiguos, no actualizados o bases de conocimiento. pero también dos especies se encuentran en Australia.Tienen hojas opuestas de 5-50 cm. In the use of synthetic medicines for the treatment of various diseases, free radicals are often generated in the body which may result in an additional disease. In Ethiopia, one of the vernacular name of A. remota is Armagusa (oromiffa), the name given by the community that uses this plant for the management of diarrhea [ 5 ]. This way modulation of blood glucose is consistent with the reports by Belayneh and Birru [23] and Anitha et al. F. Assefa, “Antidiabetic activity of ajuga remota benth (harmegusa) leaves in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats,” Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2013, Thesis. The leaves of the ajuga hold close together, which keeps them nice and short. The fasting BGL of the normal control groups, however, did not exhibit remarkable change throughout the study period. The activity of repeated daily doses of aqueous fraction of AIRE against hyperglycemia in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Therefore, the presence of biologically active phytochemicals may impart the blood glucose lowering effect to Ajuga integrifolia because these biologically active phytochemicals are known to lower blood glucose [13, 18, 42]. It reduced fasting BGL considerably at these time points compared to the diabetic control as well. ex D.Don is pharmacologically important plant, commonly known as Kori Booti. Therefore, the oral median lethal dose (LD50) of the AIRE can be considered to be more than 2000 mg/kg. A standard drug in all cases was glibenclamide (5 mg/kg), and the blood glucose level was measured by using a glucose meter. Flora of Tropical ⦠Box 272, Debre Tabor, Amhara, Ethiopia, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, https://www.diabetesatlas.org/upload/resources/2019/IDF_Atlas_9th_Edition_2019.pdf, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, N. Tiwari, A. K. Thakur, V. Kumar, A. Dey, and V. Kumar, “Therapeutic targets for diabetes mellitus: an update,”, ADA, “Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus,”, M. E. Okur, I. D. Karantas, and P. I. Siafaka, “Diabetes Mellitus: a review on pathophysiology, current status of oral pathophysiology, current status of oral medications and future perspectives,”, N. M. Piero, N. J. Murugi, K. C. Mwiti, and M. P. Mwenda, “Pharmacological management of diabetes mellitus,”, R. J. Marles and N. R. Farnsworth, “Antidiabetic plants and their active constituents,”, A. Meresa, W. Gemechu, H. Basha et al., “Herbal medicines for the management of diabetic mellitus in Ethiopia and Eretria including their phytochemical constituents,”. The study was conducted based on the recommendations of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals [28]. Both the repeated daily doses of the crude extract and the repeated daily doses of the aqueous fraction of Ajuga integrifolia root extract revealed the similar effect in lowering the fasting blood glucose level in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice models. When within group analysis was performed, the difference in reduction of fasting BGL was not significant at all time points compared to both the diabetic control and the respective baseline values of all fractions. Loài này Äược Buch.-Ham. It causes pancreatic β-cell destruction via DNA alkylation and strand breakage, thereby causing diabetes mellitus [36, 37]. There was a significant reduction of BGL in 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg AIRE received groups at 8th hr compared to the 100 mg/kg AIRE received group when within a group comparison was performed. Escrito por Micaela Pérez el 12 diciembre, 2012. Significant reduction of fasting BGL was noticed following the repeated daily doses of AIRE after the 7th day and 14th day of treatment compared to both diabetic control and baseline. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the hypoglycemic and antidiabetic activity of Ajuga integrifolia. Ajuga plants are light feeders that require little if any fertilizer. Ajuga Parviflora. A total of 2 weeks was used to observe for development of any signs of toxicity [20]. (14) ⢠Antimalarial: Study evaluated in vivo activity of crude water extracts of Ajuga remota Benth against Plasmodium berghei in mice. Ajuga integrifolia là má»t loài thá»±c váºt có hoa trong há» Hoa môi. Next, group 1 received 10 ml/kg DW; groups 2, 3, and 4 were treated with hydromethanolic root extract of the plant of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg, respectively, whereas group 5 received 5 mg/kg GLC. The doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg AIRE reduced fasting BGL with a magnitude of 16.10%, 21.6%, and 26.4% after 7th day of treatment and 18.5%, 24.6%, and 28.8% after 14th day of treatment compared to the respective baseline BGL. Mice were treated with ethyl acetate extract of Ajuga bracteosa (Ab-EAE) (100, 200 300 & 400 mg/kg bw) for 30 days. Acclimatization of the mice to the laboratory conditions was performed for 1 week prior to the start of the experiment. The soil should be ⦠is an accepted name This name is the accepted name of a species in the genus Ajuga (family Lamiaceae). In the acute toxicity study of Ajuga integrifolia root extract (AIRE) at the limit dose of 2000 mg/kg, mortality of mice and any signs of toxicity (behavioral, neurological, autonomic, or physical changes) did not occur during the first day as well as throughout the course of the study. Drugs and chemicals used in the study were streptozotocin (Sigma Aldrich, Germany), methanol absolute (Nice Chemical, India), glibenclamide (Julphar pharmaceutical, Ethiopia), trisodium citrate dehydrate (Blulux Laboratories, India), citric acid monohydrate (Lab Tech chemical, India), 40% glucose solution (Reyoung Pharmaceutical, China), sterilized water for injections (Nirman Ltd., India), and distilled water, whereas the instruments used in this study were analytical balance, pH meter, glucometer and test strips (Alliance international, Taiwan), beakers, Whatman filter paper No.1, funnels, glass rod, measuring cylinder, vacuum pump, spatula, pipettes, gavage (oral feeding syringe), animal cages, insulin syringe with needle, oven, and desiccators. Blood glucose level (BGL) was measured by the i-QARE DSW Taiwan glucometer, and measurement was carried out in triplicates so that the average value could be taken. Group 1 was diabetic control treated with 10 ml/kg DW; doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg root extract of plant were given to experimental groups 2, 3, and 4, respectively; group 5 was diabetic positive control treated with 5 mg/kg glibenclamide, whereas group 6 was normal control treated with 10 ml/kg DW. The activity of repeated daily doses of crude extract of AIRE on hyperglycemia in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Ajuga Integrifolia, Traditional Medicine for Malaria and Other Diseases As I was shopping for house plants the other day, I engaged the nursery attendant on his knowledge of medicinal herbs. Review articles are excluded from this waiver policy. This safety profile is consistent with a report by Tafese et al. No toxicity incidences have been reported related to Ajuga integrifolia in particular and the genus Ajuga in general so far [24, 33–35]. In Ethiopia, Ajuga integrifolia occurs in different regions including Amhara, Southern Nation, Nationalities and People (SNNP), Tigray, and Oromia [12]. The marc was remacerated two times with fresh solvent (80% methanol), each for 3 days, and the filtrates so obtained from the sequential macerations were allowed to concentrate removing the methanol solvent by a rotavapor followed by drying in an oven with a temperature of not greater than 40°C, and the aqueous part was removed by lyophilization under reduced pressure. The loss of bodyweight in STZ-induced diabetic mice was significantly improved by GLC () at the 14th day of treatment compared to the diabetic control. In comparison to the normal control, STZ caused a significant loss of bodyweight in the diabetic control at 7th day and 14th day of treatment. A mouse receiving 400 mg/kg crude root extract showed a statistically significant reduction in BGL at 2nd hr compared to 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg treated groups. canescens es una sinonimia del nombre aceptado como Ajuga integrifolia. Para su información, una sinonimia no es más que otro nombre cientÃfico para un mismo taxón. The limitation of currently available drugs in terms of safety, efficacy, and cost warrants the development of new antidiabetic drugs from plant-derived compounds which are more efficacious, safer, and easily accessible [2, 5]. Box 272, Debre Tabor, Amhara, Ethiopia. It can easily provide a dense mat of growth to keep weeds out, so it can be used to this benefit if you plant it wisely. Mice were screened for diabetes after 3 days of STZ injection, and fasting BGL > 200 mg/dl was included in the study as diabetic mice [25, 26]. The chloroform and n-hexane fractions did not demonstrate a noticeable antihyperglycemic activity. 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